Prehistoric (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Neolithic-Chalcolithic),

Protohistoric (Indus Civilization).

Pre-Harappan, Harappan and post- Harappan cultures.

Contributions of the tribal cultures to Indian civilization.

1.2 Palaeo—Anthropological evidences from India with special reference to Siwaliks and Narmada basin (Ramapithecus, Sivapithecus and Narmada Man).

The concept of ethno-archaeology;

Survivals and Parallels among the hunting, foraging, fishing, pastoral and peasant communities including arts and crafts producing communities.

Ethnic and linguistic elements in the Indian population and their distribution. Indian population

Factors influencing its structure and growth.

Varnashrama,

Purushartha,

Karma

Rina and Rebirth.

Structure and characteristics Varna and caste,

Theories of origin of caste system,

Dominant caste,

Caste mobility,

Future of caste system,

Jajmani system. Tribe-caste continuum.

3.3 Sacred Complex and Nature-Man-Spirit Complex.

3.4. Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity of Indian society.

Contributions of the 18th, 19th and early 20th Century scholar-administrators.

Contributions of Indian anthropologists to tribal and caste studies.

Significance of village study in India;

Indian village as a social system;

Traditional and changing patterns of settlement and inter-caste relations;

Agrarian relations in Indian villages;

Impact of globalization on Indian villages.

5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities and their social, political and economic status.

Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization;

Inter-play of little and great traditions;

Panchayati Raj and social change;

Media and Social change.

Bio-genetic variability, linguistic and socio-economic characteristics of the tribal populations and their distribution.

Land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, low literacy, poor educational facilities, unemployment, under-employment, health and nutrition.

6.3 Developmental projects and their impact on tribal displacement and problems of rehabilitation. Development of forest policy and tribals. Impact of urbanisation and industrialization on tribal populations.

7.1 Problems of exploitation and deprivation of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes. Constitutional safeguards for Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes.

7.2 Social change and contemporary tribal societies : Impact of modern democratic institutions, development programmes and welfare measures on tribals and weaker sections.

Ethnic conflicts and political developments;

Unrest among tribal communities;

Regionalism and demand for autonomy;

Pseudo-tribalism. Social change among the tribes during colonial and post-Independent India.

8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and other religions on tribal societies.

8.2 Tribe and nation state—a comparative study of tribal communities in India and other countries.

9.2 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural development.

9.3 Contributions of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism and ethnic and political movements.